Short answer: 1500 × 500 px, ratio 3:1, max 5 MB.
Cropping
Depending on the screen, X trims a strip from the top and bottom of the header, and your profile photo covers part of the lower-left corner. Keep text vertically centred and toward the right.
Other X image sizes
| Type | Size (px) |
|---|---|
| Header | 1500 × 500 |
| Profile photo | 400 × 400 |
| Post image (landscape) | 1600 × 900 |
| Post image (square) | 1080 × 1080 |